WHAT IS SYNTAX ?

What does the syntax mean : it  is  the  a branch of linguistics fields  that   focus on  how language works, the study of how sentences are put together

Many kinds of syntax

1.       SYNTAX AS A COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

Cognitive science is a cover term for a group of disciplines that all aim for the same

goal: describing and explaining human beings’ ability to think.

To communicate to other people we need to produce sentences to our speaking.

Sentences are how we get at expressing abstract thought processes,

How important is syntax?

so,  the study of syntax is  an important foundation stone for understanding how we communicate and interact to each other as humans.

Why syntax is very important?

One thing that distinguishes us from other animals, even relatively smart ones like chimps and elephants, is our ability to use language. Language plays an important role in how we think about abstract notions, or, at the very least, language appears to be structured in such a way that it allows us to express abstract notions.

2.       MODELING SYNTAX

The dominant theory of syntax is due to Noam Chomsky and his followers, starting

in the mid 1950s and continuing to this day

The theory in syntax  has developed time to time until today

What are the modeling syntax?

Starting in the mid 1950s and continuing to this day. This theory, which has had many different names through its development (Transformational Grammar (TG), Transformational Generative Grammar, Standard Theory, Extended Standard Theory, Government and Binding Theory (GB), Principles and Parameters approach(P&P) and

Minimalism (MP)), is often given the blanket name Generative Grammar.

One of MODELING SYNTAX  is GENERATIVE GRAMMAR

What is generative grammar?

the rules as being like the command lines in a computer program.

These rules don’t tell you how to properly punctuate a sentence or not to split an infinitive. Instead, they tell you the order in which to put your words (in English, for example, we put the subject of a sentence before its verb; this is kind of information encoded in generative rules).

The underlying thesis of generative grammar is that sentences are generated

by an subconscious set of procedures (like computer programs). These procedures

are part of our minds (or of our cognitive abilities if you prefer). The goal of syntactic

theory is to model these procedures.

In generative grammar, the means for modeling these procedures is through

a set of formal grammatical rules. Note that these rules are nothing like the rules of

grammar you might have learned in school! These rules don’t tell you how to properly

punctuate a sentence or not to split an infinitive. Instead, they tell you the order

in which to put your words (in English, for example, we put the subject of a sentence

before its verb; this is kind of information encoded in generative rules). These rules

are thought to generate the sentences of a language, hence the name generative

grammar. You can think of these rules as being like the command lines in a computer

program. They tell you step by step how to put together words into a sentence.

3.       SYNTAX AS SCIENCE – THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

What is  it?

The pattern of words in  a sentence, or more.

The way to analyze the patterns in a sentence whether it  makes sense in meaning or not is called SYNTAX AS SCIENCE

Why ?

because  the way to analyze whether in a sentence has a sense meaning or not by using a method.

This method has  risen a kind of rule we call it with the grammar

Gather and observer data -à make generalization -à develop hypothesis

HOW DOES IT HAPPEN ?

Syntacticians start by observing data about the language they are studying, then make generalizations about patterns in the data (e.g. in simple English declarative sentences, the subject precedes the verb). They then generate a hypothesis—preferably one that makes predictions and test the hypothesis against more syntactic data, and if necessary go back and re-evaluate their hypotheses. The hypotheses are called rules, and the group of hypotheses that describe a language’s syntax is called a grammar.

FOR EXAMPLE

a.       She have speaking to himself

b.      they will speaking to herself

So from the above sentences special method is used ,like a scientific method in science field to analyze something

A

She                        à a woman

Have                      à modal

Speaking              à verb

It must be like :

She has spoken by herself

They                      à subject plural  

Will                         à  modal

Speaking              à speak

to                            à to

herself                  à themselves

it must be

they will speak to themselves

Some people will understand about the meaning to every words. But, do the sentences have made sense? The answer is no




it will be continued and fixed by me


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