MALAY CULTURE

Zapin Api

Pulau Rupat is one of the vilages in Bengkalis. Pulau Rupat  is at the north of Bengkalis area. It is as one of some villages owned by the Riau Povince.   

Pulau Rupat has some attractive  places and culture. The beach has beatiful sand. The colour of sand is shining when the sun light encounter the ground. The water at the beach is so amazing. It glows and attracts us in order to go in the water and want to swim there. In addition,  the culture is so blooming. It makes us amazed to the view that we see as if we want to  participate to dance with the dancing group.

On of the well known culture that is owned by  the Pulau Rupat is the Zapin Api or Zapin of Fire.  This dancing tradation is one of the best culture that is always kept by the society to welcome the important day such as a spesific ceremony  to accept important people or day.

The dance is named with Zapin of Fire becuse of fire is envolved in this dance. The fire is prepared by a bounced of wood or other things that can burn. Then some people turn the fire on.  After the fire is arranged in length position about 3 metres then the dance will be begun after some praying should be done.   

Before the action of  Zapin of Fire  taking the action the praying must be done. it makes the dance atmosphere is sorounded by mystique. The  mystique does not only affecting the people who recite it but also people who will act as  dancers.  

When the traditional music begins to take the part to sign the dance in order to begin to operate their body to move to show to the audience  that the power of Zapin of Fire. The atmosphere is realy so affecting with the power of traditional of mystique atmophere in which force the eyes of people to stare at the group of dance who begin to show the power of  Zapin of Fire.

In Zapin of Fire it just not only showing the power of atsmophere but alsoe it refrects the beuaty of the dance. In addtion it shows how rich the culture. The content that has in this dance informs people how the power of dance gives information the power of people at long time ago would not be underestimate.  It brings the message that society before was so amazing and so involving to the god.  

When the Zapin of Fire begins the group of dancers move around the fire as if they see there are some godess  in the dancing  area.  It happens because the power of prayers that has been summoned since the beginning of  dancing.

As mentioned above  the power of the dance involves with the mystique in which it reflects about the philosoply of the life long time ago. The dance  addresses to people that their culture at long time ago had related to some aspects of life. There is a religion involve  in daily life culture, military and etc.

In military, it is reflected to the power of mistique movement in the dance. The dancers can run through the fire without having the effect of the fire. The dancers slowly touch the coals of fire by stepping on them but the hot  of fire does not take any effect to them. It does not burn the clothe and give harm to the dancers as if they are playing in the cold fire.

In the culture, it  reflects about how the people of Rupat can work togather to face the life. the life of society is shown by the praying that had ben begun by the prayer. It means that the people are affected by the power of god in their life.

In the notion, it is shown sit by the syncorinizing of the music and the movement in dancing.  It means that they follow the rule that had been agreed togather to the leader who lead them in order the government ran well.

 The dancing of Zapin of Fire has been done for more than fourthy years until today. It began in the year of 1151. The people from Malacca they ran away from the  Portuguese colonialisation. The tehnology of Portuguese in military was more powerfull than the mistique power so that they looked for a place to live.  They sailed on the see  and found Pulau Rupat. In order to make sure wether this place was suitable or not to be lived they must do a kind of ceremony to protect the society from unlucky way. So that the ceremony was done and they found that the Pulu Rupat was the cursed  place.  In order to make the place could be lived by them so a specific ceremony must be done so that the rising of Zapin of Fire began.

 Panglima Sage Dagendang was asked by the court of Malacca to find a people who had a powerfull mistique who could  call the gins who dominated the water, fire, ground and wind. Four great  powerfull men were choosen as pawang besar (powerfull great mistyque men) so the ceremony to call the four spirits began.  In this calling three spirits had come to communicate and receive the invitation but one of the spirits did not  accept  the invitation. The fire spirit wanted to accept the invitation if they did a special ceremony. The people who master the great mistyque power and the people at that time were agreed to do that and the dance of Zapin of Fire was done for the first time.

At first, the prayers who were able call  the spirit  were not in Islam culture mode but after Islam affected the religion in this society the sermon had change to Islam mode. The sermon to call the spirit was changed to the pray to god but still the power of mistyque atsmophere still involves in the Zapin of Fire

When the dance is doing by the dancers the people usualy stare at the dancers movoment to step the bounce of fire. It makes  the audients thrill to the action. It makes them asking in their heart what does really happen to the dancers when they do it. The question begins to rise in their mind “ do the dancers use the shoes to protect their feet? But in the reality the dancers use nothing to protect their feet.

They walk on the fire like there is no fire on their feet. The fire does not touch the clothes they use. They breath normaly without an  obstacle in their breathing. It makes the audiences stare to the hot performance in their eyes. They would think how amazing  the performance is.  

  

Nowsaday this dance has been one of a beautifull dance that  attracts the tourist to come to Pulau Rupat. So that the government of Pulau Rupat focuses to this dance. The government wants  this dance must be kept and must not in extinction from the surface of the culture. They try saving this uncountable wealthy and it must be in watch of the culture of government office.  

Journal Review POLYSEMY as COMPLEXITY

Journal critic   by azwar

Titile                           : Polysemy as Complexity?

Penulis                      : Jarno Raukko

Sumber                      : http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2006_1/1.5.3.%20RAUKKO.pdf

Tujuan Penelitian        :

Title

The writer writes the title without following a good grammar. In addition, the titile does not inform us the spesific  focused area  of polysemy would cause the complexity. In our mind would  be there some questions about the titile such as “ does it couse of  comlexity in a sentence meaning?, does it make some complexites to write in dictionary of the word’s meaning or what?  In my oppinion  the good  title would be “Does pollysemy rise a complexity in meaning of words”. 

Abstract                                                                        

The writer clearly  gives the opening discussion to the reader about the polysemy that would raise complexity. But in this abstrack the writer does not  attache the clear reason how to measure  it’s complexity and  what kind of the mothode he uses  in this article.

Introduction

  In this  part  the writer    has  focused  on grammar, morphology, and phonology to prove his oppinion about polysemy complexity.  He says that  some of reserchers have faced the difficulties   in the research.  The writer mentions that  Miestamo as the researcher   who  finds  the stage complexity  in his research. The writer wants to know  either the complexity happens on  starting  assumption or  on a working  hyphotesys  in dealing with morphemes, different grammatical category, and the degree  of irregularity.

The writer  assumes  that  polysemy  has as such complexity. He  argues that  by increasing  the number of polysemy in English words would increase the complexity in polysemy itself. He assumes in general  that it can be seen by  many   point of view that  polysemy has or  by seeing  the viewpoint of lexicon.  

Problem

To support his assumsion to be strong and valuable the writer has brought  six prospectives  to prove polysemy that would  have  the complex difficulty.

At number 1,  he begins to support his opinion  by bringing  the use of  lexeme in English word would  not make  complexity in meaning. In the contrary to the point number 2 that he argues  the pair word in English word would cause the complexity in meaning. At the point number 3 he says that  the semantics should be at number 2. Here, the writer gives wrong reason. Why? Because at the number 2 it is about  the pair that would  cause complexity so that his oppionion is wrong at this point.  At point number 4 he does not give some examples about  universal semantics and primitive   semantics. He uses Wierzbicka ‘s opinion  that  a semantic primitive is more maximally simple but in semantic universal one word has so many meanings that  would raise  a broad explaination. Here, ther writer  has lack example about this. At poin 5 he just says about rich semantics meaning and lack semantic meaning. In the other hand he does not attache some examples of it's framework or the example of rich meaning and lack meaning. It is contrary to his oppinion that the word  that has some meanings would bring complexity.  At last number 6 his methode is not clear about how to measure how many word in english that would bring to complexity. His opinion in using  the method is not clear at all.

Analysis

This journal study about  how semantic meaning creates difficult complexity  to the meaning. The more increasing semantic meaning it would bring the more complex difficulty  to word meaning.  The writer says that the   more complex of difficulty in  semantic would cause the original meaning of word get lost.

the weakneses of this writing is the writer uses difficut explaination to arrange the sentence. When he wants to express his opinion he does not write with the simple and good way of grammar. It causes the reader is difficult to understand the meaning such as “If we could accomplish this goal with 10,000 polysemous words each of which had 100 meanings, the lexicon would be smaller, i.e., less complex, than if we had 500,000 or 1,000,000 words to meet the same needs. Again,polysemy would involve less complexity than no polysemy.

His oppinion about pollysemy would bring the complexity is not supported by the great reason and good example.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the writers’ argument about the  pollysemy would cause complexity is not clear. The writer are failed to give some examples about  the  dynamic  meaning  that must be had by semantics  and  he does not bring the measurement method  as the standar method to masure the complexity in  th e article

The journal that i criticize is bellow



REVIEW JOURNAL
Polysemy as Complexity?
Jarno Raukko
Identity

The journal is about semantic journal. It talks about either the complexity of meaning in semantics make us more difficult to understand or make us easy to understand. In this writing the writer uses some prospective s to shows some complicated problem that is presented by semantic meaning effect. He urges that original meaning of a word can lose when they are combined to be polysemy

Abstract
In this writing the writer wants to know whether the polysemy can go either to be more complexity in meaning or to be less complexity in it’s meaning.

Introduction
In this part the writer writes that the researchers has focused on grammar, morphology, and phonology. He says that some of them have faced the difficulties in the research. The writer mentions Miestamo as the researcher who finds the stage complexity in his research. The writer mentions that he wants to know either the complexity happens on starting assumption or a working hyphotesys in dealing with morphemes, different grammatical categories, and the degree of irregularity.
The writer assumes that polysemy has as such complexity. His oppinion argues that by increasing the number of polysemy in english words would increase the complexity in polysemy itself. He assume that it can be seen by many point of view that polysemy has in general or by seeing the viewpoint of lexicon.

Problem
To make his assumsion strong and valuable the writer has brought six prospectives to prove polysemy has the complex difficulty. They are
1. In a simple case, the writer shows that the usage of lexeme. Here, he gives an example that actualy every word has it own meaning but whenever the words have been compose into a lexeme it has semanic meaning and the original meaning of every word loses

2. At the case of the meaning of pair of words the writer assumes that it increases the difficult complexity. He says the actually every word in pair has it own meaning but because of the pair they have new meaning. So the writer says it is irrelevant.

3. The writers suggests that semantics should be dynamic system such nomber 2. He says that if semantically one word to other word are having the same meaning it would make less complexity but whenever one word is combined to other word in other hand the meaning are too far it will make difficult to understand such as “natural” is added to “predictable”

4. He also confirms that semantic complexity would increase complexity. he brings the reason that happens between semantic universal and semantic primitive. He uses Wierzbicka ‘s opinion that a semantic primitive is more maximally simplex but in semantic universal one word has so many meanings that I would raises broad explaination.

5. He emphasizes that we could think that semantically a word with broad meaning has a rich semantic meaning with a specific meaning but in contrast it is contrary, vague, loose, and has too generall , and poor semantic meaning. Event it lessen the number of referent for an example actually the word of dog is poorer meaning than the word of spaniel.

6. The writer bases his oppinion on the view of lexicon to lessen the complexity. He says that if we can accomplish 10.000 polisimous words with 100 meanings so the lexicon would be smaller but if we have 5.00.000 or 1.000.000 words it would make polysemy in difficult complexity,
Analysis

This journal study about how semantic meaning creates difficult complexity to the meaning. The more increasing semantic meaning it would bring the more complex difficulty to word meaning. The writer says that it the more complex of difficult semantic would cause the original meaning of word get lost.
the weakneses of this writing is the writer uses difficut exlaination to arrange the sentence. When he wants to express his opinion he does not write with the simple and good way of grammar. It causes the reader is difficult to understand the meaning such as “If we could accomplish this goal with 10,000 polysemous words each of which had 100 meanings, the lexicon would be smaller, i.e., less complex, than if we had 500,000 or 1,000,000 words to meet the same needs. Again,polysemy would involve less complexity than no polysemy.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the writer urges that point number 1 and 6 shows how polysemy in the position of complexity. Here, the writers deeply emphasizes that the original meaning of words get lost when they get into semantic meaning.